2.6.Audit Procedures.总结

一个企业各个职能部门的风险及相关控制及其测试
-------------------------
Human Resources
.Trainning                        Service/Work Quality
.Professinal Ethics,Honesty       references on recruitment
.Staff Chagne                     documentation,review
.CEA of Salary                    timesheet,reconciliation,authorization
.Staff Morale                     feedback,and incentive

Procument
.Fraudulent Payment               authorization
.inaccurate,delayed payment       authorization, only paid after goods received.
.Value for Money                  comparison,documentation

Marketing
.cost effectiveness               budget review
.demage reputation                review ads.material.approval
.breach of regulation             contract,legal advice

Sales-Ordering,Despatch and Invoicing of Goods
.authorized customer              credit check
.recording-price,quantity,item,customer
                                  review,double check
.goods despatched to wrong customer
                                  
.despatch correctly recorded      

.depatch only after goods paid    authorization
.invoice raise after goods supplied
                                  authorization
                   
有关Sales 的system test 可参考June.2006.

答题方式：如果要求写明每个测试的原因，最好按照答案的两栏格式。

一个容易疏漏的测试点在于：系统没有或者无法顾及的地方，但可能涉及到相关数字的准确以及估值。比如，有买家的信用卡是假的；某些货物一直没有能够发出，有些款项一直没有收回。一个系统往往能够很好的完成前后对数，加总，条件分析，以及保证记录的数据传输无误等等，但对一些Valuation以及人为原因则无能为力，因此，审计程序需要特别考虑一下这方面有什么可以做。

凡是有system的情况：1，CAAT；2，Walkthrough Test

各会计科目的风险及审计程序
-------------------------------------
1,首先要把Assertions记住，然后，根据每个Assertions去回忆可能的审计程序：
Completeness:
Existance:
Occurrence:cut-off?????
Accuracy and Valuation:
Cut off:
Presentation and Disclosure


2,?? 不计的这个市什么东西了
Class of Transactions
Account Balances
Disclosure

3, 审计程序的分类,注意，默认情况下回答所需进行的审计程序以下两类都要写，不要漏掉ControL Evaluation.

3.1.Control Evaluation
.Walkthrough Test

3.2.Substantive: 体现以下几类获取审计证据的方法(ISA500)：(June.2005.Q6)
.Analitical Procedures
.Inquiry
.Observation
.Inspection
.Re-calculation

4，有一些审计程序是几乎公用的：

-obtain a breakdown/schedule of *** and casting check for total amount agreed to ledger, and financial statement.
-trace a sample of source document/physical item to ledger and financial statement
-trace an amount from ledger supporting financial statement to source documents/physical item.
-result of control test should be incorporated in deciding the time and extent of substantive testing.
-sampling

重点会计科目：
------------------------------
注1:一下列出的是通用方法，答题的时候不应该照搬，而应该考虑每题的特殊情况，而且一定要让人感觉你是在应用这些知识，而不是照搬教条，这个考官曾经强调过。

注2：如果题目说明确实存在错漏，则有两条程序是需要额外加上的：(Dec.2005.Q5)
i)  Discuss with management why this occurs
ii) Disscuss with Directors for future actions to be taken
iii)Enclude in Management Letter
iv) Possible modification of audit report if director refuse to correct the mistake

----------------------------

Sales
.sales recognition.discuss.sales contract
.trace order->invoices->sales ledger
.trace ledger->invoices
.cast the list of invoices in the receivable ledger for one month->general ledger
.cast monthly sales figure in general ledger->financial statement
.sales cut off


Cost of Sales


FixedAssets
.borad minutes                            CEA
.casting non current assets register->financial statement
                                          A
.classification as non-current            D
.purchase invoice                         O
.physical inspection                      EV
.review depre.policy                      V
.analytical procedures on depreciation    CEA
.check depre.cal.form                     V
.reconcile with p&l for depre.charged     A
.impairment                               V
.addtional vouch                          E
.diposal reconcilation                    A
.idle,held for sale                       V
.secured or pledged                       O
.finance lease                            O
.two direction check                      EA

Cash and Bank
-bank confirmation
.details of bank balance,loan and overdraft
.charges or restrictions
.terms and repayment conditions of loans and overdraft
.securities held
.trade account finance, derivative instruments...


AR

Inventory
.consider materiality while selecting sites to attend inventory count                           CEA
.count introduction
-countsheet pre-number
-all countsheets collected
-work in pairs
-inventory closed
-item marked(double counting)
.two direction test check
.cast and tie
.impairment test(valuer,market price)
.confirmation-consignment stock
.cutoff

Payroll:
.security of cash
.cash count.reconciliation.(because cash payment to staff is a cash movement).
.from payment list to staff
.tax and contribution
.cut off
.starter and leaver.cutoff
.calculation sheet
.payment authorization
.disclosure checklist


未完待续...